车载提升机的设计及研究

论文编号:JX290 所有图纸,论文字数:32960.页数:84

摘   要
     随车起重机属于臂架型起重装置，集起重和运输于一体，结构紧凑、易于操作，不仅节省劳动力，而且极大的降低了工作强度、提高了工作效率。广泛应用于交通运输、港口和仓库中。
此次毕业设计在对随车起重机进行调研和可行性分析的基础上，从力学角度，对10吨随车起重装置的起升机构、变幅机构和回转机构进行了具体设计。
所设计的起升机构包括液压马达、减速机、棘轮停止器和卷筒几部分。减速机用来降低液压马达驱动速度，根据变速比，确定了其具体型号。卷筒用于绕进或放出钢丝绳，根据工作条件和起重量，对卷筒和钢丝绳的具体规格进行了设计。棘轮停止器用来防止逆转，根据所受的弯矩和压力，对其进行了设计。
变幅机构用来改变起重机幅度，包括臂架系统和变幅传动系统。本文中，采用了伸缩式、箱形结构。箱形结构内装有伸缩油缸，起重装置的变幅可通过液压缸实现。
回转机构包括回转支承装置和回转驱动装置，并采用蜗轮蜗杆减速机和液压马达。这种结构自重轻，受力合理，运行平稳。
关键词：随车起重装置 ；起升机构 ；变幅机构 ；回转机构 ；起重臂

ABSTRACT

Truck Mounted Crane (TMC) belongs to boom-crane. Combining the advantages of booming and transporting together, it has the features of compact structure and easy operation，not only saves the labor force, but also decreases the labor intensity and increases the efficiency of working. It is widely used in traffic transportation, docks and warehouses.
In this paper, based on the investigation and feasibility analysis of TMC, the winch mechanism, the arm-changing mechanism and the swing mechanism of the TMC 10T were designed from the mechanics angle.
The winch mechanism consists of hydraulic motor, decelerating machine, ratchet wheel stopping machine and reel. Decelerating machine lowers the speed of the hydraulic motor for driving, and its size was defined according to the ratio of the speed variety. The reel is to wind or unwind the load hoisting wire rope. The sizes of the reel and the wire rope were designed according to the work condition and the rise weight. Ratchet wheel stop is used to stop the converse motion, and it was decided by the pressure the gear bears.
The arm-changing mechanism is the system that changes the arm range of the boom-crane. It includes the arm system and the arm-changing moving system. In this paper, flexible arm type and box form structure were used. Cylinder bodies are fitted on the boom. The working range of TMC can be realized by the extension or retraction of the cylinder body.
The swing mechanism contains swing bearing and swing driver. Bearings, worm-and-wheel steering gear and hydraulic motor were adopted. This structure has the advantages of light weight, reliable force and smooth action.
Key words: Truck Mounted Crane ; Winch mechanism ; Arm-changing mechanism ; Swing mechanism ; Boom

目    录

1 概述 ....................................................................1
1.1起重机械的任务及其在国民经济中的作用 ......................................1
1.2起重机械的发展简况和动向 ..................................................1
1.2.1我国起重机械的发展简况 ..................................................1
1.2.2起重机械的发展动向 ......................................................2
1.3起重机械简介..............................................................4
1.3.1起重机械的概念..........................................................4
1.3.2起重机械的工作特点和主要组成 ............................................4
1.3.3起重机械的基本形式 ......................................................5
1.4起重机简介 ...............................................................7
1.4.1起重机的概念 ...........................................................7
1.4.2起重机的组成结构........................................................7
1.4.3起重机的种类............................................................7
1.4.4起重机的发展趋势 ........................................................8
1.5起重技术目前在国内、外的发展状况 ..........................................9
1.5.1目前国外起重技术的发展 ..................................................9
1.5.2国内起重技术的发展 ......................................................9
1.6随车起重机行业现状及前景展望 ..............................................10
1.6.1随车起重机简介..........................................................10
1.6.2随车起重机行业现状......................................................11
1.6.3 随车起重机前景.........................................................12
2 随车起重装置设计的可行性分析及方案确定..................................... 13
2.1可行性分析................................................................13
2.1.1技术可行性的分析........................................................ 13
2.1.2 经济可行性的分析....................................................... 14
2.2随车起重装置方案确定 ......................................................15
2.2.1起升机构................................................................16
2.2.2回转机构.................................................. .............17
2.2.3变幅机构 ...............................................................17
3 起升机构的设计............................................................ 19
3.1起升机构的传动方案 ........................................................19
3.2钢丝绳的设计 .............................................................20
3.2.1钢丝绳结构形式的选择 ....................................................20
3.2.2钢丝绳使用注意 .........................................................21
3.3取物装置 .................................................................21
3.3.1吊钩的设计 .............................................................21
3.4卷筒的设计 ...............................................................22
3.4.1卷筒种类的选择......................................................... 22
3.4.2卷筒材料 ...............................................................23
3.5滑轮组的设计 .............................................................24
3.5.1滑轮组的种类选用 .......................................................24
3.5.2钢丝绳进出绳槽时的允许偏角 ..............................................24
3.6棘轮的设计................................................................25
4 起升机构设计计算 ..........................................................27
4.1确定起升机构传动方案 ......................................................27
4.2选择钢丝绳.................................................. .............27
4.3确定滑轮主要尺寸..........................................................28
4.4确定卷筒尺寸 .............................................................28
4.5选则电动机................................................................29
4.6验算电动机发热条件........................................................ 30
4.7选择减速器.................................................. ............30
4.8验算起升速度和实际所需功率................................................ 31
4.9校核减速器输出轴强度 ......................................................31
4.10选择制动器..............................................................31
4.11选择联轴器 .............................................................32
4.12验算起动时间............................................................32
4.13验算制动时间 ...........................................................33
5 减速器的设计计算...........................................................34
5.1传动装置的总效率..........................................................34
5.2确定总传动比及各级分传动比 ................................................34
5.3传动系统的运动和动力参数计算 ..............................................34
5.3.1计算各轴转速： .........................................................34
5.3.2计算各轴输入功率： ......................................................34
5.3.3计算各轴输入转矩： ......................................................35
5.4传动件的设计计算.......................................................... 35
5.4.1高速级齿轮的强度验算 ....................................................35
5.4.2低速级齿轮的强度验算.................................................... 38
5.4.3棘轮的强度验算： ........................................................41
5.5轴的计算..................................................................41
5.5.1轴Ⅰ的设计..............................................................42
5.5.2轴Ⅱ的设计 .............................................................44
5.5.3轴Ⅲ的设计 .............................................................49
5.6滚动轴承的选择和计算 ......................................................52
5.6.1输入轴 ................................................................52
5.6.2输出轴 ................................................................53
5.6.3卷筒轴.................................................................54
5.7键联接的选择和验算........................................................ 55
5.7.1输入轴 ................................................................55
5.7.2输出轴.................................................................56
5.8箱体的设计...............................................................56
5.9减速器附件的设计..........................................................57
5.10减速器的润滑和密封形式................................................... 58
6 变幅机构的设计.............................................................60
6.1变幅机构的作用.................................................. .........60
6.2变幅机构的类型............................................................60
6.2.1变幅性质的分类 .........................................................60
6.2.2变幅方法的分类..........................................................60
6.3吊臂的设计...............................................................61
6.3.1三铰点设计 ............................................................61
6.4起重臂设计 ..............................................................61
6.4.1起重臂基本参数计算与选用................................................ 61
6.4.2起重臂的形状及主要计算参数 ..............................................62
6.5变幅油缸的选用............................................................65
6.5.1变幅油缸推力的计算 ......................................................65
6.5.2变幅油缸缸径的计算...................................................... 65
7 回转机构的设计.............................................................66
7.1回转支承的选用............................................................66
7.1.1简介 ..................................................................66
7.1.2载荷计算................................................................66
7.1.3阻力矩计算..............................................................67
7.1.4校核 ..................................................................68
7.1.5回转减速机输出扭矩 ......................................................68
7.2回转减速机的选用 ..........................................................69
7.3支腿反力计算..............................................................69
7.3.1平均分配载荷............................................................69
7.3.2垂直缸计算..............................................................69
7.3.3垂直缸需流量计算........................................................ 70
结  论......................................................................71
参考文献 ....................................................................72
翻译部分 ....................................................................73
英文原文 ....................................................................73
中文译文.................................................................... 73
致  谢 .....................................................................82