液压铆枪系统的设计

论文编号:JX396  论文字数:18930.页数:51

摘  要

液压铆枪被广泛应用于汽车、船舶、锅炉、桥梁、建筑等行业。传统的液压铆枪采用普通的液压泵，液压缸体积大，太笨重，而且液压泵流量大、功率损失也大。如采用超高压的液压泵虽然能降低液压缸直径，然而液压泵造价高，系统密封困难，油管又粗又硬使用不方便，并且同样存在铆接质量差、工人劳动强度高、工作环境恶劣等问题。提高铆接质量、减轻工人劳动强度、改善工作环境已成为迫切需要解决的问题，为此我们设计了此液压铆枪。
本文针对车辆车架的铆接，进行了液压铆枪及其系统的设计。拟订了液压铆枪系统的工作原理图。通过对液压缸的工作压力及内径的计算和选择，确定了液压缸的缸壁厚度、外径、液压缸端盖与油口尺寸等主要参数，并对液压缸的端盖连接和活塞杆强度进行了校核；通过对液压铆枪系统的泵站传动系统的设计计算，选择了液压铆枪系统的齿轮泵、电机、阀、仪表、管道等元件；通过对油箱的设计计算，确定了油箱的外形尺寸，选择了油箱的过滤器、加热及冷却装置。最后进行了液压系统性能验算及枪身强度校核。
本设计采用了液压缸与增压器合为一体的内部增压变力液压缸。这种结构的液压缸超高压只在工作液压缸内部产生，不波及油管，使整套系统密封简单，实现了小液压泵站驱动大作用力液压缸的目的。

关键词：液压铆枪；增压缸；铆接

Abstract

The hydraulic pressure riveter is widely applied to automobile, ships, boiler, bridge, building，and so on. The traditional hydraulic pressure riveter uses the ordinary high-pressured fluid pump, the cylinder body is big, unwieldy, and moreover the current capacity of fluid pumps is big, the power loses in a big way，too. If we use the ultrahigh pressure fluid pump, although we can reduce the cylinder diameter, the fluid pump construction cost is high, the system seal is difficult, the drill tubing thick and hardly doesn’t conveniently for use, and it is existence riveted joint quality is bad, the labor working intensity is high, the working conditions is bad, and so on. To improve the riveted joint quality, reduce the labor working intensity and improve the working conditions, we designed this hydraulic riveting equipment.
Aimed at the frame riveted joint hydraulic pressure riveter and its system, we drafted the hydraulic pressure riveter system principle of work. Through choices and calculations the working pressure and the inside diameter of hydraulic cylinder, we had determined hydraulic cylinder wall thickness and the outer diameter, the end cover and the oil hole size of the hydraulic cylinder and so on, and has carried on the examination to the end cover connection and the piston rod intensity of hydraulic cylinder. Through design and calculation the pumping station and the transmission system of the hydraulic pressure riveter system, we had chosen hydraulic pressure riveter component, for example gear pump, valves, Measuring appliance, pipeline, filter and so on; Through design and calculation the fuel tank, we had determined the fuel tank external dimensions, chose the fuel tank to heat up and the cooling equipment.
This design has gathered the cylinder and the supercharger is a body formed the interior pressure cylinder. This kind of structure cylinder that ultrahigh pressure is produced in the work cylinder interior, does not affect the tubing, made the system seal to be simple, and it enables the small fluid pumping station to drive the hydraulic cylinder.

Key word: Hydraulic pressure riveter; pressure cylinder; Riveted joint

目    录

目    录 1
引  言 4
1  液压铆枪原理图的拟订 6
2  工作油缸及增压油缸设计 7
2.1 系统工作压力的选择及工作油缸缸径的确定 7
2.1.1压力的选择分析 7
2.1.2工作油缸内径以及油压的确定 9
2.2 活塞杆设计计算 9
2.2.1活塞杆直径计算 9
2.2.2活塞杆强度校核计算 10
2.3 活塞宽度计算 10
2.4 活塞与活塞杆连接结构 10
2.5 活塞行程的确定 11
2.5.1确定工作活塞的行程 11
2.5.2计算增压活塞行程 11
2.6 增压缸内径的确定 15
2.7 计算增压倍数K 15
2.8 油缸壁厚及油缸外径的计算 16
2.8.1计算工作油缸壁厚 16
2.8.2计算增压缸壁厚 16
2.8.3油缸外径计算 16
2.9 保压时间的验算 16
2.10 计算活塞的回程速度及工作周期时间计算 18
2.10.1计算活塞回程速度 18
2.10.2工作周期时间计算 18
2.11 阀的设计计算 19
2.11.1顺序阀主要尺寸的设计计算 19
2.11.2顺序阀弹簧的设计计算 20
2.12 确定液压缸油口的尺寸 22
2.13 液压缸端盖设计 22
2.13.1增压缸底厚度计算 22
2.13.2工作缸缸底厚度计算 22
2.13.3工作缸缸盖厚度计算 23
2.14 端盖连接的计算校核 24
2.14.1工作缸缸底的焊接联接计算 24
2.14.2 工作缸端盖螺纹连接的计算 24
2.14.3工作缸缸底螺纹连接计算 25
2.14.4增压缸缸底螺纹连接计算 26
2.15 液压缸的密封设计 27
2.15.1工作油缸密封设计 28
2.15.2增压缸密封设计 28
2.15.3液压缸其它部分的密封设计 28
3  泵站传动系统的设计 28
3.1 计算液压缸工作所需要的流量 28
3.2 液压泵的选择 28
3.2.1确定系统的最高工作压力 28
3.2.2液压泵的选择 29
3.3 确定泵的驱动功率 29
3.4 电机的选择 29
3.5 连轴器的选择 30
4  元件的选择和计算 30
4.1 阀的选择 30
4.1.1溢流阀的选择 30
4.1.2电磁换向阀的选择 30
4.2 仪表的选择 30
4.3 液压油的选择 31
4.4 管路的选择和计算 31
4.5 滤油器的选择 32
5 油箱设计 33
5.1 油箱结构设计 33
5.2 油箱尺寸计算 34
5.2.1计算油箱的有效容积 34
5.2.2计算油箱尺寸 34
5.3 油的加热 35
6  液压系统性能验算 36
6.1 系统发热升温计算 36
6.1.1计算发热功率 36
6.1.2油箱散热计算 38
6.1.3冷却器的选择 39
6.2 验算回油路中压力损失 40
6.2.1沿层压力损失计算 41
6.2.2局部压力损失计算 42
7  枪身强度校核计算 44
7.1 计算截面受到的轴向力相应的正应力 45
7.2 计算危险点受到的弯曲正应力 46
7.3 危险点受到的弯拉组合应力 47
7.4 枪身强度校核 47
8  系统的调试及使用说明 47
8.1 系统调试步骤 48
8.2 铆接的操作规程 48
8.3 使用注意事项 48
9  结论 49
谢  辞 50
参考文献 51